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Schematic diagram of water and chlorine transfer by the oceanic crust into the transitional zone of the mantle and the subsequent capture of the resulting material by an Archaean mantle plume. Credit: Evgeny Asafov

Scientists discover how and when a subterranean ocean emerged

The floormen (in yellow jackets) and drillers (in white booths in background) of Expedition 383 retrieve core barrels and sediment cores around the clock. Credit: Jenny Middleton/Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

How a drilling ship pulls cores from 2.5 miles below the...

Relationship between volcanic eruptions and global monsoon hydroclimate. The bottom panel shows the distribution of global monsoon regions. Credit: Zuo Meng/Google images

Volcano eruption at different latitudes: A switch of hemispheric monsoon rainfall...

Welo Opal

Welo Opal : What Is Welo Opal? Where Can You Find...

Aquilarhinus palimentus, or ‘shovel-chinned eagle nose’. Illustration by ICRA Art

Strange new species of duck-billed dinosaur identified

An artist’s rendering of Auroraceratops shows its bipedal posture as well as the beak and frill that characterize it as a member of the horned dinosaurs. Paleontologists from Penn led a team in characterizing this species, discovered in China

Small horned dinosaur from China, a Triceratops relative, walked on two...

Tamu Massif made news in 2013, thought to be the world's largest volcano. New research offers a better look at the volcano's formation and throws doubt on that claim.

New clues to the origin of massive underwater volcano, Tamu Massif

Along the North Anatolian Fault, Anatolia and the Eurasian Earth Plate push past each other. Image reproduced from the GEBCO world map 2014, www.gebco.net

Istanbul: Seafloor study proves earthquake risk for the first time

When carbon emissions pass a critical threshold, it can trigger a spike-like reflex in the carbon cycle, in the form of severe ocean acidification that lasts for 10,000 years, according to a new MIT study.

Breaching a ‘carbon threshold’ could lead to mass extinction

Polar ice caps on Mars are a combination of water ice and frozen CO2. Like its gaseous form, frozen CO2 allows sunlight to penetrate while trapping heat. In the summer, this solid-state greenhouse effect creates pockets of warming under the ice, seen here as black dots in the ice.

A material way to make Mars habitable

A fresh surface rupture of the Kekerengu fault, taken 4 days after the Kaikoura earthquake, with lead author Jesse Kearse leaning next to a curved slickenline (the subject of this article). Photo credit - Professor Tim Little (Victoria University of Wellington).

Curved slickenlines preserve the direction of rupture propagation

earthquake in Southern California

11% chance of another huge earthquake in Southern California, scientists say

Turquoise Rock

Turquoise : What is Turquoise? How Turquoise Is Formed?

Anak Krakatau in Lampung, Indonesia, in 2018

Water drives explosive eruptions: Magma is wetter than we thought

False colour Landsat 8 satellite image of Saunders Island and the lava lake within the crater of Mount Michael (image acquired 31/01/2018). Inset map shows the location of Saunders Island.

Discovery of rare lava lake on remote sub-Antarctic island

This 2.1-billion-year-old sediment from a clay formation in Gabon has high concentrations of potassium, which could only have been caused by ancient microbes, according to new research.

Scientists develop new method for studying early life in ancient rocks

Zermatt in the Western Alps.

More ‘reactive’ land surfaces cooled the Earth down

Rock Forming Minerals

Rock Forming Minerals : 10 Most Common Rock Forming Minerals

Calcified plankton dating from 95 million years ago (images captured in the Plymouth Electron Microscopy Centre)

Evolution of life in the ocean changed 170 million years ago

continents

New model suggests lost continents for early Earth

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