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Metamorphosed banded iron formation from southern Wyoming showing deformation and folding. The rock is approximately 2.7 billion years old. Dark bands are iron oxides (magnetite, hematite) and yellow-orange bands are chert with iron oxide inclusions (jasper). (Photo by Linda Welzenbach-Fries/Rice University)

Iron-rich rocks unlock new insights into Earth’s planetary history

A microscope image from an experiment conducted for this study. The image contains glass (brown), large garnets (pink) and other small mineral crystals. The field of view is 410 microns wide, about size of a sugar crystal. Credit: Science (2023). DOI: 10.1126/science.ade3418

Study presents new clues about the rise of Earth’s continents

An illustration showing how some Earth’s signature features, such as its abundance of water and its overall oxidized state could potentially be attributable to interactions between the molecular hydrogen atmospheres and magma oceans on the planetary embryos that comprised Earth’s formative years. Illustration by Edward Young/UCLA and Katherine Cain/Carnegie Institution for Science.

How did Earth get its water?

Earth

Where did Earth’s water come from? Not melted meteorites, according to...

Earth

Activity deep in Earth affects the global magnetic field

Seismogram

Bouncing seismic waves reveal distinct layer in Earth’s inner core

Earth

Deep earthquakes could reveal secrets of the Earth’s mantle

hydrothermal vent

Deep-sea black carbon comes from hydrothermal vents

Meteorites

Meteorites reveal likely origin of Earth’s volatile chemicals

inner core (USC Graphic/Edward Sotelo)

Earth’s inner core rotating slower than surface

Dimitri Laurent explores a typical gallery in the Nébélé Cave, which was formed by sulfuric acid speleogenesis. You can see a deep notch that indicates the former presence of a river, and sodium sulfate on the left that is produced from weathering by sulfuric acid. Credit: Christophe Durlet

Unearthing the sources of cave-forming sulfuric acid

The extensive accumulations of obsidian artefacts in level C. a,b, General view of the level and detail of artefact density along the MS cliff (a) and inset (b). c,d, General view (c) and detail (d) of the artefact concentration (mainly handaxes) in the test pit of 2004. Credit: Nature Ecology & Evolution (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01970-1

Obsidian handaxe-making workshop from 1.2 million years ago discovered in Ethiopia

Boudinage in brecciated dolostone rocks of the Panamint Range (Wildrose Area, Death Valley National Park). New research shows that periclase is stronger than bridgmanite in earth's lower mantle, analogous to boudins developing in rigid ("stronger") rocks among less competent ("weaker") rocks. Credit: Jennifer M. Jackson, Caltech

New results reveal surprising behavior of minerals deep in the Earth

Microplastics of 2mm. Credit: NIOZ

Sunlight pulps the plastic soup

Structure layers of the earth.

How magnetism could help explain Earth’s formation

Earth

Laying geological groundwork for life on Earth

Earth, core, mantle

Researchers discover previously unknown mineralogy of the deep Earth

In 2010, two of the study's authors—David Shuster of UC Berkeley (left) and Yosemite Park geologist Greg Stock (right)—collected rock samples from the rim of Yosemite Valley, where the granite has eroded only slowly over the last 50 million years. In the distance is the upper Merced River valley. Former UC Berkeley graduate student Johnny Webb is at center. Credit: Kurt Cuffey, UC Berkeley

How old is California’s Yosemite Valley?

Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, Osaka Metropolitan University scientists investigate the iron ion status of pyroxenes, a major group of rock-forming silicate minerals. Their study revealed that in pyroxene crystals consisting of roughly 50% calcium, the tensor that determines the ratios of iron ions at the Mössbauer spectral peaks is independent of the iron content but dependent on the calcium content. Credit: Shinoda, OMU

Calcium content determines the peak intensity ratio due to iron ions...

The diamond from Botswana revealed to the scientists that considerable amounts of water are stored in the rock at a depth of more than 600 kilometres. Photo: Tingting Gu, Gemological Institute of America, New York, NY, USA

An ocean inside Earth? Water hundreds of kilometers down

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