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The iron-carbon alloy reacted with water at high pressure and high temperature conditions related to the Earth’s deep mantle in a diamond-anvil cell.

Diamonds and rust at Earth’s core-mantle boundary

Earth

Ancient source of oxygen for life hidden deep in the Earth’s...

Thin section of NASA sample, LAP 02436, Lunar Mare Basalt containing indigenous noble gases. Image type: optical microscopy, cross-​polarized light. (Image: ETH Zurich / Patrizia Will)

One more clue to the Moon’s origin

Brine pools are one of the most extreme environments on Earth, yet despite their high salinity, exotic chemistry, and complete lack of oxygen, these pools are teeming with life.

Rare deep-sea brine pools discovered in Red Sea

inner core (USC Graphic/Edward Sotelo)

The Earth moves far under our feet: A new study shows...

The blue path illustrates a core-penetrating seismic wave moving through a region in the outer core, where the seismic speed has increased because a low-density flow has moved into the region. Credit: Ying Zhou

Seismic waves from earthquakes reveal changes in the Earth’s outer core

Earth

Earth’s core: Unexpected flow behavior in liquid metals

Molten lava from a Hawaiian volcano. Image: Willyam/Adobe

Puzzling features deep in Earth’s interior illuminated

Basalt mit frischen Klinopyroxenen (credit Jonas Tusch)

Sampling the deep graveyard of Earth’s earliest crust

Zircon Crystals of the mineral zircon are tiny time-capsules that record the age of many events in Earth’s history. Dating zircon crystals like this was one of the two methods used to calculate the age of the Hiawatha impact crater. Illustration: Gavin Kenny, Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Giant impact crater in Greenland occurred a few million years after...

grains of sand

New technique unlocks ancient history of Earth from grains of sand

Kimberlites are complex rocks that came to the Earth's surface from great depths. The picture shows a thin section of a carbonate-​rich kimberlite. (Photograph: David Swart / Messengers of the Mantle Exhibition)

Traces of life in the Earth’s deep mantle

Drone images of craters formed at Sheep Mountain. Credit: Kent Sundell, Casper College.

Secondary cratering on Earth: The Wyoming impact crater field

A series of earthquakes and aftershocks shook the Ridgecrest area in Southern California in 2019. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) using fiber-optic cables enables high-resolution subsurface imaging, which can explain the observed site amplification of earthquake shaking. Credit: Yang et al., 2022

Fiber-optic cables can produce high-resolution underground maps

Clay soil sticks together. Photo by Lynn Ketchum.

Like diamonds, clay soils are forever

Earth

Scientists identify geological ‘Goldilocks zone’ for the formation of metal ore...

Despite ESA’s GOCE mission ending over seven years ago, scientists continue to use this remarkable satellite’s gravity data to delve deep and unearth secrets about our planet. Recent research shows how scientists have combined GOCE data with measurements taken at the surface to generate a new model of Earth’s crust and upper mantle. This is the first time such a model has been created this way – and it is shedding new light on the processes of plate tectonics. The new model produced in ESA’s 3D Earth study shows for the first time how dissimilar the sub-lithospheric mantle is beneath different oceans, and provides insight as to how the morphology and spreading rates of mid-oceanic ridges may be connected with the deep chemical and thermal structure. Credit: ESA/Planetary Visions)

Researchers recreate deep-Earth conditions to see how iron copes with extreme...

The rising Earth from the perspective of the moon.

Radiocarbon is key to understanding Earth’s past

Some of the world’s oldest rubies linked to early life

Locations of earthquakes (red) and corresponding seismic stations (yellow pins). Credit: Butler and Tsuboi (2021).

Earth’s ‘solid’ inner core may contain both mushy and hard iron

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