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A sapphire from sediment in the Kyll, a river in the western Eifel. The crystal measures approximately 0.9 mm in diameter. | © Sebastian Schmidt

A blue miracle: How sapphires formed in volcanoes

Among the numerous hydrothermal mounds of the Jøtul field is the Nidhogg spring, named after a serpent-like dragon in Norse mythology that lives on the world tree Yggdrasil. The fluids with temperatures of 40 to 50 degrees Celsius at Nidhogg lead to the precipitation of barite and amorphous opal, and the numerous amphipods particularly like these temperatures. Photo: MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen

Investigating newly discovered hydrothermal vents at depths of 3,000 meters off...

The progression of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption.

Iceland’s volcano eruptions may last decades

Telephoto view looking east of the active lava lake within Halema‘uma‘u at the summit of Kīlauea. Credit: N. Deligne / USGS / Public Domain

Earth scientists describe a new kind of volcanic eruption

The eruption and volcanic material sedimentation processes of giant caldera eruptions are not well understood, making it also difficult to estimate their size. Kobe University researchers used seismic reflection surveys to visualize the sedimentary structure and analyzed collected sediment samples, enabling them to obtain important information on the distribution, volume, and transport mechanisms of the ejecta. © SHIMIZU Satoshi (CC BY)

Biggest Holocene volcano eruption found by seabed survey

Scientists analyzed mercury levels from core samples from the Mochras Farm (Llanbedr) borehole in Wales to estimate how much and how rapidly carbon was released during ancient volcano events in Earth's history Credit: Stephen Hesselbo. All Rights Reserved.

Mercury rising: Study sheds new light on ancient volcanoes’ environmental impact

These sections through the seismic volume show the geological structures that record the history of the crater. Illustration: Karstens et al. 2023

Mystery of volcanic tsunami solved after 373 years

A diagram depicting the magma chamber beneath the Long Valley Caldera. The diagram was developed from tomographic imaging using seismic waves. Credit: Biondi et al. (2023)

California supervolcano is cooling off but may still cause quakes

Mt Liamuiga on the Island state of St Kitts and Nevis. It is one of the main volcanoes studied by Luca Caricchi and his team. © Oliver Higgins

Two out of three volcanoes are little-known. How to predict their...

Dalian Coherent Light Source revealing vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of sulfur dioxide as an important prebiotic-O2 source. Credit: Yuan Kaijun

A possible trigger for Earth’s great oxidation event

Venetia Diamond Mine, South Africa. Photo by Dr Tom Gernon, University of Southampton

Scientists crack the code of what causes diamonds to erupt

Explosive lava spews from the latest eruption of the Fogo volcano located on the Cape Verde islands in November 2014. Science now knows that carbon dioxide – instead of water – triggered it. Credit: Ricardo Ramalho/Cardiff University

Carbon dioxide – not water – triggers explosive volcanoes

Undersea images of lava from Kama'ehu volcano, contrasting fresh-looking young lavas (top) versus older sediment-covered lavas (bottom). The two images on the bottom are courtesy of JAMSTEC.

Hawai’i’s undersea volcano, Kama’ehu, erupted five times in past 150 years

Mantle plumes, shown in red, have been identified around the world. (Ingo Wölbern, via Wikimedia Commons)

Scientists unearth 20 million years of ‘hot spot’ magmatism under Cocos...

Powerful volcanic eruptions produce ash plumes that can create their own weather systems, providing the conditions for lightning at higher altitudes than normally seen.

A Tongan volcano plume produced the most intense lightning rates ever...

Eruption of Tonga underwater volcano found to disrupt satellite signals halfway around the world. Credit: ERG science center

Eruption of Tonga underwater volcano found to disrupt satellite signals halfway...

Annotated seismic cross-section of the Fontanelas volcano. Source: Pereira and Gamboa, 2023

Extinct offshore volcano could store gigatons of carbon dioxide

Pyroclastic flow. Credit: Gordon Simmons; Dr Eric Breard image credit: Dr Charline Lormand

Deadly volcanic flow insights could aid forecasting

After five decades of dormancy, the Cumbre Vieja volcano on La Palma in the Canary Islands began erupting on Sept. 19, 2021. This image is from October 2021. Credit: Credit: Esteban Gazel/Provided

Precise magma locations aid volcanic eruption forecasts

A view of Kīlauea’s summit lava lake. The lava lake is contained within a crater, which is set within the larger Halema‘uma‘u Crater. New research aims to understand the activity that led to the eruption in 2018 in Kīlauea’s lower East Rift Zone. Credit: USGS

Rare opportunity to study short-lived volcanic island reveals sulfur-metabolizing microbes

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