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Mountains

Ancient mountains recorded in Antarctic sandstones reveal potential links to global...

The composition of fossilised zooplankton shells has enabled the reconstruction of past pH and CO2. Credit: University of Southampton

By 2025, carbon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere will be higher...

A lump of coal weathering out from Siberian flood basalts in a quarry near the town of Ust Ilimsk Credit: Scott Simper

Coal-burning in Siberia led to climate change 250 million years ago

Volcanic eruption

Volcanic carbon dioxide emissions helped trigger Triassic climate change

Galleria delle Stalattiti, Corchia Cave. Credit: Linda Tegg

What causes an ice age to end?

This figure illustrates how inorganic carbon cycles through the mantle more quickly than organic carbon, which contains very little of the isotope carbon-13. Both inorganic and organic carbon are drawn into Earth's mantle at subduction zones (top left).

Study points to one cause for several mysteries linked to breathable...

The Sentinel-6A spacecraft sits in its clean room in Germany's IABG space test center. The satellite is being prepared for a scheduled launch in November 2020 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Credit: IABG

New Earth mission will track rising oceans into 2030

Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park

How sulfur helped make Earth habitable before the rise of oxygen

Peaty sedimentary archive from a palm swamp collected with a Russian corer. (Image:Encarni Montoya)

A new study shows the evolution and changes of the vegetation...

Researchers on the MV Steller are in front of the terminus of Alaska's LeConte Glacier in August 2016. An over-the-side pole holds the sonar instrument that collects data on the subsurface ice face as the vessel moves slowly through the icy water. Credit: David Sutherland

Underwater glacial melting is occurring at higher rates than modeling predicts

Microscopic view on marine plankton.

Plankton as a climate driver instead of the sun?

Don Juan Pond in Antarctica

Earliest life may have arisen in ponds, not oceans

Transien modelling results: Atmospheric CO2 concentration (in pink) compared to ice core data (solid line) and other proxies. Willeit et al, 2019

More CO2 than ever before in 3 million years, shows unprecedented...

Iron-oxidizing bacteria live in environments as extreme as the deep ocean and as common as roadside ditches. A recent paper in Frontiers proposes distributing the iron that these bacteria naturally produce to 'fertilize' phytoplankton and help remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Credit: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences

Study Looks to Iron from Microbes for Climate Help

Hurricane Irma forming over the Atlantic Ocean in September 2017.

Large volcanic eruptions can alter hurricane strength and frequency

Over the last 540 million years, as the Earth's tectonic plates have shifted, MIT researchers have found that periods of major tectonic activity (orange lines) in the tropics (green belt) were likely triggers for ice ages during those same periods.

Tectonics in the tropics trigger Earth’s ice ages

A speleothem that Ibarra retrieved from a cave in the Philippine

Rescuing geologic and climate records

Shells

The deep Southern Ocean is key to more intense ice ages

This is a tidal marsh in Maryland, on a tributary of Chesapeake Bay.

As sea level rises, wetlands crank up their carbon storage

A 2015 wildfire burns in the boreal forest of central Alaska. A recent study by Tyler Hoecker and Philip Higuera reconstructs fire history in a nearby boreal forest landscape and suggests that fire activity over the past several decades has been higher than at any time over the past 450 years.

Alaska forest fires over past 450 years

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