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Biogeochemical cycles billions of years ago. A complex web of interactions between geological features including volcanoes, subsurface mantle, oceans and the atmosphere created the chemical mixture necessary for early life to oxygenate our atmosphere. ©2025 Watanabe et al. CC-BY-ND

Are volcanoes behind the oxygen we breathe?

The underwater volcano Borealis Mud Volcano was discovered in the summer of 2023. Last year, the researchers were back at the volcano. Photo: Jørn Berger-Nyvoll / UiT

Underwater mud volcanos are a haven for marine organisms

White microbial-like colonies on the lava tube substrate.

New research explores volcanic caves, advancing the search for life on...

The origins of the massive January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption may have been detected in a seismic wave recorded 750 kilometers from the volcano, according to new research in Geophysical Research Letters. Credit: NASA

New trigger proposed for record-smashing 2022 Tonga eruption

Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning Credit & Copyright: Martin Rietze (Alien Landscapes on Planet Earth)

Tongan volcanic eruption triggered by explosion as big as ‘five underground...

Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano spews extremely runny lava that turns bone white when it dries. (Image credit: Jean-Denis JOUBERT via Getty Images)

Mountain of God: The Weirdest Volcano in the World

volcano

Extinct volcanoes a ‘rich’ source of rare earth elements

Drone imagery of April 2024 eruption at Sundhnúkur, Iceland. Photo: Geoffrey Cook/Scripps Oceanography

Recent volcanic ‘fires’ in Iceland triggered by storage and melting in...

A sapphire from sediment in the Kyll, a river in the western Eifel. The crystal measures approximately 0.9 mm in diameter. | © Sebastian Schmidt

A blue miracle: How sapphires formed in volcanoes

Among the numerous hydrothermal mounds of the Jøtul field is the Nidhogg spring, named after a serpent-like dragon in Norse mythology that lives on the world tree Yggdrasil. The fluids with temperatures of 40 to 50 degrees Celsius at Nidhogg lead to the precipitation of barite and amorphous opal, and the numerous amphipods particularly like these temperatures. Photo: MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen

Investigating newly discovered hydrothermal vents at depths of 3,000 meters off...

The progression of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption.

Iceland’s volcano eruptions may last decades

Telephoto view looking east of the active lava lake within Halema‘uma‘u at the summit of Kīlauea. Credit: N. Deligne / USGS / Public Domain

Earth scientists describe a new kind of volcanic eruption

The eruption and volcanic material sedimentation processes of giant caldera eruptions are not well understood, making it also difficult to estimate their size. Kobe University researchers used seismic reflection surveys to visualize the sedimentary structure and analyzed collected sediment samples, enabling them to obtain important information on the distribution, volume, and transport mechanisms of the ejecta. © SHIMIZU Satoshi (CC BY)

Biggest Holocene volcano eruption found by seabed survey

Scientists analyzed mercury levels from core samples from the Mochras Farm (Llanbedr) borehole in Wales to estimate how much and how rapidly carbon was released during ancient volcano events in Earth's history Credit: Stephen Hesselbo. All Rights Reserved.

Mercury rising: Study sheds new light on ancient volcanoes’ environmental impact

These sections through the seismic volume show the geological structures that record the history of the crater. Illustration: Karstens et al. 2023

Mystery of volcanic tsunami solved after 373 years

A diagram depicting the magma chamber beneath the Long Valley Caldera. The diagram was developed from tomographic imaging using seismic waves. Credit: Biondi et al. (2023)

California supervolcano is cooling off but may still cause quakes

Mt Liamuiga on the Island state of St Kitts and Nevis. It is one of the main volcanoes studied by Luca Caricchi and his team. © Oliver Higgins

Two out of three volcanoes are little-known. How to predict their...

Dalian Coherent Light Source revealing vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of sulfur dioxide as an important prebiotic-O2 source. Credit: Yuan Kaijun

A possible trigger for Earth’s great oxidation event

Venetia Diamond Mine, South Africa. Photo by Dr Tom Gernon, University of Southampton

Scientists crack the code of what causes diamonds to erupt

Explosive lava spews from the latest eruption of the Fogo volcano located on the Cape Verde islands in November 2014. Science now knows that carbon dioxide – instead of water – triggered it. Credit: Ricardo Ramalho/Cardiff University

Carbon dioxide – not water – triggers explosive volcanoes

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